Extraction – Main Lesson

Unit 3: Mining and Extraction

What’s This All About?

Treasure hunting time! Jake explains how people find and dig up gemstones from different places around the world using various techniques.

Key Takeaways: 

• Gem mines can be above ground, underground, underwater, or combinations of all these types! 
• A gem mine is simply any place where gemstones can be found and extracted from the earth 
• Open-pit mining involves digging large pits or holes in the ground to access gem-bearing rocks 
• Underground mining creates tunnel systems to reach gemstone deposits deep below the surface 
• Water plays a big role in gem distribution through natural erosion and transportation processes 
• Alluvial deposits: Water carries gems away from their original source and deposits them in riverbeds, lakes, or ocean floors 
• Gemstones in alluvial deposits are usually rounded and smooth from their water journey 
• Eluvial deposits: Gems found near their original source rock that haven’t traveled far 
• Stones in eluvial deposits tend to be more angular and rough-edged 
• Commercial mining: Big companies using heavy machinery like excavators, drills, and conveyor belts 
• Artisan mining: Small groups or individuals using basic hand tools like shovels, sieves, and pans 
• Commercial mining is more efficient but can be very disruptive

International Gem Society

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